Introduction Polyurethane (PU) is a versatile polymer material widely utilized across diverse industries, including construction, automotive, furniture, footwear, and packaging. Its exceptional properties, such as flexibility, durability, and insulation capabilities, contribute to its widespread adoption. However, traditional PU production relies heavily on petroleum-based raw materials and involves the use of potentially harmful auxiliary agents, raising...
Abstract: Polyurethane (PU) materials are widely used in diverse applications due to their versatile properties. The performance of PU materials is significantly influenced by the crosslinking density, which can be effectively controlled by the addition of crosslinking agents. This article provides a comprehensive overview of polyurethane auxiliary agent crosslinkers, focusing on their effects on various...
Polyurethane (PU) is a versatile polymer with a wide range of applications, from flexible foams used in furniture and mattresses to rigid foams used in insulation and structural components. The formation of cellular PU structures, crucial for many applications, relies heavily on the use of blowing agents. Blowing agents are substances that produce a gas...
Introduction Polyurethane (PU) is a versatile polymer material with applications spanning various industries, including construction, automotive, textiles, and adhesives. The properties of PU can be tailored significantly by incorporating auxiliary agents during its formulation. These auxiliary agents are crucial for controlling the reaction kinetics, improving processing characteristics, and enhancing the final performance of the PU...
Contents Introduction 1.1. What is a Chain Extender? 1.2. Function of Chain Extenders in Polyurethane Chemistry 1.3. Importance of Chain Extender Selection Classification of Chain Extenders 2.1. Diols 2.1.1. Short-Chain Diols 2.1.2. Long-Chain Diols 2.2. Diamines 2.2.1. Aromatic Diamines 2.2.2. Aliphatic Diamines 2.3. Amino Alcohols 2.4. Water Factors Influencing Chain Extender Selection 3.1. Polymer Properties...
Introduction Polyurethane (PU) materials have become ubiquitous in modern life due to their versatility and wide range of desirable properties. CASE applications – Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants, and Elastomers – represent a significant segment of the polyurethane industry. While the core polyurethane polymer provides the foundational characteristics, auxiliary agents play a critical role in tailoring the...
Introduction Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are organic chemicals that have a high vapor pressure at ordinary room temperature. Their emissions from paints, coatings, adhesives, and other building materials pose significant health and environmental concerns, contributing to air pollution, smog formation, and indoor air quality problems. Polyurethane (PU) auxiliary agents, while critical for achieving desired properties...
Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is a ubiquitous material prized for its cushioning, insulation, and acoustic absorption properties. Its wide applications range from furniture and bedding to automotive components and packaging. The successful production of FPUF with desired characteristics relies heavily on the judicious use of auxiliary agents, additives that fine-tune the foaming process and impart...
Table of Contents Introduction 1.1. Polyurethane Chemistry: A Brief Overview 1.2. The Role of Catalysts in Polyurethane Synthesis 1.3. Scope of this Review Classification of Polyurethane Catalysts 2.1. Amine Catalysts 2.1.1. Tertiary Amine Catalysts 2.1.2. Cyclic Amine Catalysts 2.1.3. Blocked Amine Catalysts 2.2. Organometallic Catalysts 2.2.1. Tin Catalysts 2.2.2. Bismuth Catalysts 2.2.3. Zinc Catalysts 2.2.4....
Introduction 
Polyurethane (PU) materials are ubiquitous in modern life, finding applications in coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers, and foams. Their versatility stems from the wide range of chemical building blocks and processing techniques that can be employed. A crucial aspect of PU chemistry is the utilization of catalysts to control the reaction kinetics and tailor...
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